Topic started by Raj (@ 12-237-156-139.client.attbi.com) on Wed Jan 30 01:58:58 .
All times in EST +10:30 for IST.

Anbulla sagodhara sagodiriyarukku,
I would like to start reading the history of chola empire and its people. Where can I find extensive literature on this topic. A list of books and the places where I can find them would be good enough. I have done some search on the net but most of the results seems to highlight the general aspects of the empire. I am mostly concerned with the empire from vijalaya chola to the fall of the chola dynasty, history is available till 1279 , what is history after rajendran III A.D 1279 !!!. If you please could give me a list of literature, it would greatly help me.

Migavum Nandri,
Raj

Responses:

• Old responses
  
• From: R.Sri Hari (@ modem40.bayrac3.eureka.lk) on: Fri Mar 19 08:36:47 EST 2004
  
  Dear Readers,
  Those who are interested in doing their own research study on Medieval Cholas, could refer to the following Historical Texts on Cholas, available in Chennai Bookshops, and in Tamil Nadu Archaelogical Department, and in the Indian Archaelogical Department - Tamil Nadu branch Chennai.
  
  (1) Inscriptions of the Madras Presidency
  V.Rangachchari - 3 Volumes - (from Asian Educational Services - Chennai)
  (2) South Indian Inscriptions, more than 20 volumes (from Tamilnadu Archaelogical Department -Chennai)
  (3) Epigraphica Indica - more than 30 volumes (from Indian Archaelogical Department - Tamilnadu branch - Chennai)
  (4) Archaeological Review - Annual Reports - -do-
  Madras more than 30 volumes.
  (5) Historical Inscriptions of Southern India
  by Robert Sewell (from Asian Educational Services - Chennai)
  (6) South Indian Shrines by Jagadisa Aiyer -
  Full of Inscription details (from Asian Educational Services - Chennai)
  (7) Pandiyar Ceppedukal Paththu - (from International Association of Tamil Research - Chennai )
  (8) Pallavar Ceppedukal Muppathu - -do-
  (9) Travancore Archaeological Series - many
  volumes. (from Kerala Archaeological Department - Thiruvananthappuram)
  (10)Then Indiya Thamil Sasanangal
  by Thangaiya Nadar. (Then Inthiya Saiva Siddhantha Noot Pathippakam.)
  (11)Meikkeerthikal by P.Subramaniam -(from International Association of Tamil Research - Chennai )
  (12) Thamil Naattu Varalaru - Chola Peruventhar Kalam Part 1 & 2 (from Thamil Valarchchi Kalagam, Kuralaham, Chennai and from International Association of Tamil Research - Chennai - 600 113)
  
  Please note for general Readers I recommend the book numbered as (12)in the above, which is the most up-to-date book written recently on Cholas by a group of Historians of Tamil Nadu.
  
  Hope the above will be of assistance to those who are interested in the above subject.
  
  Note: I further request the Readers who are keen in knowing more on the above subject, also to read through my two Threads in this Forum Hub titled,
  
  (1) A brief historical survey on medieval Cholas and their relations with the Cheras (Keralas) of the contemporary period (A.D.801-A.D.1120}.
  
  and
  
  (2)Why is it, not a single among the present day cities of Tamil Nadu have been named after the greatest Tamil Emperors, namely the Raja Raja Chola - 1 and the Rajendra Chola - 1 in their honour.
  
  which are now appearing under the Old Topics.
  
  ----------------------------------
  
  
  
• From: R.Sri Hari (@ modem21.bank1.eureka.lk) on: Sat Mar 20 12:19:19 EST 2004
  
  Dear Readers,
  To know more on Chola war expeditions in South-East Asia visit also the following Website.
  
  http://www.sabrizain.demon.co.uk/malaya/hindu1.htm
  
  
• From: R.Sri Hari (@ modem21.bank1.eureka.lk) on: Sat Mar 20 12:23:04 EST 2004
  
  Dear Readers,
  
  Please note the Medieval Cholas were very powerful Tamil ruling dynasty of Tamil Nadu who conquered vast territories in the Indian mainland, and 'near overseas' in the west and south of India, and 'far overseas' in South-East Asia at the time of their supreme power and greatness around A.D.1025.
  
  The first Prime Minister of India - Late Hon'Jawarhalal Nehru had clearly acknowledged the - greatness of the Medieval Cholas in Indian History - and has stated in his book titled "Glimpses of India" that - Cholas were the only royal dynasty in the Indian History who crossed seas and conquered "far distant lands".
  
  Measuring their greatness achieved in all fields, a non-Tamil Historian correctly and justifiably referred to them in his book titled 'Currents of South-East Asian History' as "....kings of World stature...".
  
  For those who wish to know briefly on the Medieval Cholas of Tamil Nadu, I append below
  some particulars on them, and trust same will be of much interest to those Readers.
  
  THE CHOLAR {Cholas} OF THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD
  (A.D.848 - A.D.1279)
  
  (1) Vijayalya Cholan : A.D.848-881- His parentage is still not clear from evidences.
  Capital city - Palaiyarai and later at Thanjavur
  
  (2) Athiththa Cholan : A.D.871-907 - Son of (1)
  Capital city - Thanjavur
  
  (3) Paranthaha Cholan - 1 : A.D.907-955 - Son of (2)
  Capital city - Thanjavur
  Seaport city - Nagapattinam
  Over Seas War Expedition to - Sri Lanka
  
  (4) Kandarathiththa Cholan : A.D.950-957 - Second Son of (3)
  Capital city - Thanjavur
  Seaport city - Nagapattinam
  
  (5) Arinchchaya Cholan : A.D.956-957 - Third Son of (3)
  Capital city - Thanjavur
  Seaport city - Nagapattinam
  
  (6) Paranthaha Cholan - 2 (Sundera Cholan) : A.D.957-970 - Son of (5)
  Capital city - Thanjavur
  Seaport city - Nagapattinam
  Overseas War expedition to Sri Lanka
  
  (7) Uththama Cholan : A.D.973-985 - Son of (4)
  Capital city - Thanjavur
  Sea city - Nagapattinam
  
  (8) Rajaraja Cholan - 1 : A.D.985-1014 - Son of (6)
  Capital city - Thanjavur
  Sea-port City - Nagapattinam
  Over Seas War Expeditions to - Sri Lanka & Maldive Islands.
  Over Seas Political Relations with - China
  
  (9) Rajendra Cholan - 1: A.D.1012-1044 - Son of (8)
  Capital city - Gangaikonda Cholapuram
  Sea-port City - Nagapattinam
  
  Mainland War Expeditions up to - River Ganges in north India including present Bangaladesh.
  
  Over Seas War Expeditions to - Sri Lanka, Maldive Islands, Laccadive Islands (west of Kerala), Nicobar Islands (present Andaman & Nicobar Islands), lower Burma, lower Thailand, many regions in Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra of Indonesia & Laos onbehlf of the Cambodian king.
  
  Over Seas Political Relations with - Cambodia, & China.
  
  (10) Rajadhiraja Cholan - 1: A.D.1018-1054 - Eldest Son of (9)
  Capital city - Gangaikonda Cholapuram
  Sea-port City - Nagapattinam
  Over Seas War Expeditions to - Sri Lanka
  
  (11) Rajendra Chola - 2 : A.D.1051-1063 - Second Son of (9)
  Capital city - Gangaikonda Cholapuram
  Sea-port City - Nagapattinam
  Over Seas War Expeditions to - Sri Lanka
  
  (12) Virarajendra Cholan : A.D.1063-1070 - Son of (9)
  Capital city - Gangaikonda Cholapuram
  Sea-port City - Nagapattinam
  
  Over Seas War Expeditions to - Sri Lanka. Expedition to lower Burma, Kedah region in Malaysia, some regions in Sumatra & Java of Indonesia, and the region of Taoist China near Canton lead by his nephew Kulothunga (14) "during his youthfull days on behalf of his uncle (the mother's brother) Virarajendra Chola".
  
  (13) Athirajendra Cholan : A.D.1067-1070 - Son of (12)
  Capital city - Gangaikonda Cholapuram
  Sea-port City - Nagapattinam
  
  (14) Kulothunga Cholan - 1 : A.D.1070-1120 - Son of the Sister of (10), (11), & (12)
  Capital city - Gangaikonda Cholapuram
  Sea-port City - Nagapattinam
  Over Seas War Expeditions to - Sri Lanka.
  
  (15) Vikkrama Cholan : A.D.1118-1135 - Son of (14)
  Capital city - Gangaikonda Cholapuram
  Sea-port City - Nagapattinam
  
  (16) Kulothunga Cholan - 2 : A.D.1133-1150 - Son of (15)
  Capital city - Gangaikonda Cholapuram
  Sea-port City - Nagapattinam
  
  (17) Rajaraja Cholan - 2 : A.D.1146-1163 - Son of (16)
  Capital city - Gangaikonda Cholapuram later at Palaiyarai renamed as Rajarajapuram
  Sea-port City - Nagapattinam
  
  (18) Rajadiraja Cholan - 2 : A.D.1163-1178 - Grand Son of (15)& a cousin brother of (17)
  Capital city - Gangaikonda Cholapuram
  Sea-port City - Nagapattinam
  Over Seas War Expeditions to - Sri Lanka
  
  (19) Kulothunga Cholan - 3 : A.D.1178-1218 - Son of (17)
  Capital city - Gangaikonda Cholapuram
  Sea-port City - Nagapattinam
  
  (20) Rajaraja Cholan - 3 : A.D.1216-1256 - Son of (19)
  Capital city - Gangaikonda Cholapuram
  Sea-port City - Nagapattinam
  
  (21) Rajendra Cholan - 3 : A.D.1246-1279 - Son of (20)
  Capital city - Gangaikonda Cholapuram
  Sea-port City - Nagapattinam
  
  ----------------------------------------------
  
  
• From: mannang katty (@ wc09.ym.rnc.net.cable.rogers.com) on: Sat Mar 20 14:56:02 EST 2004
  
  Who are the decendants of Cholas now in India?
  
  
• From: R.KUMARAVEL (@ ) on: Tue Apr 13 09:16:41
  
  dear friend
  i am intrested in knowing about chola dynasty.
  i need (flow chart) on the medieval period along with kings success.
  thankyou
  
  
• From: R.KUMARAVEL (@ 61.247.246.161) on: Tue Apr 13 09:27:00 EDT 2004
  
  WHO PERSENT DECENDENTS OF CHOLAS IN INDIA AND IN WHAT CAST (NAME) THERE ARE CALLED
  
  
• From: Nedunchezhiyan (@ 142.76.1.62) on: Tue Apr 13 14:18:37 EDT 2004
  
  //Who are the decendants of Cholas now in India?//
  
  Thamizhars in TN and in Eezham are directly close related to Chozhars. There are descendants as you call it interm of family...but it's not necessary to be known. Since we all have the idea of Democratic system!(Hopefully not for the (H)Indian government and it's loyal follower Sri Lanka and it's ally America.
  
  
• From: Mohan (@ ) on: Mon Apr 26 06:47:26
  
  Read "Ponniyen Selvan" to know more about cholas.
  
  
• From: Emperor (@ 203.106.136.104) on: Wed Apr 28 12:25:10 EDT 2004
  
  There should be more films be made on this greatest and forgotten Chola dynasty of the ancient world.
  
  
• From: ukw (@ 128.252.181.24) on: Wed Apr 28 14:39:36 EDT 2004
  
  I think Chola empire is named after mannaangatti's (*kathi the moron*)great great aunt's precious property.
  
  Cholas flew from SL to ancient TN and defeated all the TN-kings with the help of Mannaaangatti's great aunt's precious *missile*.
  
  And that is the reason why we all speak Sinhalese in Tamilnadu and there is no Tamil in SL.
  
  Chola means Mannaangati's aunt's beautiful butt of course in sinhalese.
  
  
• From: Subbu (@ blueice4n1.uk.ibm.com) on: Tue Aug 31 07:22:46
  
  The era of Cholas is called the golden era of Tamils. Cholas were more towards Tamils, rather than entertaining the hostility between Pandyas, pallavas and Cheras.
  
  The Indira Haara of Pandian, was given to a Sinhalese King to Protect, and It was a reason for Sinhala King to Mock at Tamils. Cholas waged four wars and Rajendra Chola, brought it back to India. King Mahinda, Enjoying the "mannangatti", was brought to Tamilnadu and died as a prisoner.
  
  The time od Rajaraja to Kulothunga I, was the best. Cholas reigned Tamilnadu, Kerala, Andhra, Karnataka, Orissa, Srilanka, and ShriVijaya (Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Sumatra and Java).
  
  Cholas were said to have a powerful Naval fleet.
  "Naval Warfare in ancient India",
  By Prithwis Chandra Chakravarti, has a detailed description of these.
  
  
• From: subbu (@ blueice4n1.uk.ibm.com) on: Tue Aug 31 07:24:47 EDT 2004
  
  Also refer to this website http://www.sabrizain.demon.co.uk/malaya/hindu1.htm
  
  

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